Computational Astrophysics

Among MANY other codes, here are some of the bigger open source ones:

FLASH - grid-based hydrodynamic (open source, but you have to apply to use it, some restrictions)

Gadget-2 - particle-based hydrodynamics

GIZMO - particle-based hydrodynamics with some fancy stuff

Astrophysical Visualization

Websites

Astroblend - shameless self promotion! This is my project, also there is an associated paper is available as well.

yt - a tool for analysis and visualization

Glue - developed by Alyssa Goodman and her group, useful for interacting with data in 3D

Dr. Brian Kent has some great Blender tutorials and how-to's and you can also buy his book on Amazon.

Dr. Rhys Taylor also does a lot of work in Blender including a volume rendering package.

Dr. Miguel Angel Aragon Calvo also also does a lot of work in Blender including some interactive stuff with Kinects.

I also work a bit with the NCSA Advanced Visualization Lab in Illinois who do a lot of planetarium and IMAX movies.

List of Cardboard VR setups on Amazon, ranging in price from about $5-$20.

Bioblender is how some biologists are using Blender to visualize biology data.

x3d can be used to make 3D interactive plots in your papers.

Papers

AstroBlend paper - my paper on a library to visualize stuff with Blender

Dr. Brian Kent's paper on visualizing astronomy concepts and data with Blender

Dr. Rhys Taylor's paper on volume rendering astronomy data with Blender

There are several papers on Bioblender including this one and this one